Abstract:
This research highlighting
the reasons that tends the students to join academy due to which academies are
mushrooming in Lahore. In this research, variables are identified which are
affecting directly and indirectly the trend of academies. This problem has been
defined by presenting the difference between quality of education in academies
and the quality of education in school and colleges. For this purpose we gathered data by using
survey regarding students related to academies and applied empirical and
conceptual analysis. In a general public opinion blames Government is
responsible for these mushrooms. This
also creates the social discrimination between students that afford tuition
fees and those who can’t afford fees. Government should invest maximum portion
of budget to solve the problems of educational system.
Introduction
The academies are helping the students to get
better grades. The students who are going down constantly in class can get
better position in class by getting admission in academies and the students who
are always failing in the class can get satisfactory grades in class (Charles
Cheow, 2010).
The academies are doing good business. Some
students take academies throughout the year but some take academies when the
exams come. Mostly the teachers of government schools run these academies
(Jamila Achakzai, 2007).
Academies are becoming the necessity of students.
They are becoming the part of our education system. The tutors in these
academies charge thousands of rupees. This increases the expenditures and
burden of the parents (Haya Fatima Iqbal, 2010).
Now, majority of the students become dependent
upon academies. Self-study is disappearing from the life of students. Due to
academies, majority of parents have become careless about education of their
children.
Academies are spending much on the advertisement.
Charts, banners and boards are pasted on every wall of Lahore city. Such kind
of advertisement attracts people.
Some people send their children to academies to
keep their standard up in the society. They send their children to the
academies without noticing the advantages and disadvantages of these academies.
So academies are becoming a fashion now-a-days.
Academies are creating discrimination in the
society. Every one cannot afford the heavy fees academies. Due to this, the
poor students are using illegal ways to become equal to other students.
The research carries great importance especially
due to reason of increasing expenditures. In this age, people can hardly meet
the necessary expenditures of life. Now, earnings are less and expenses are
more. The major portion of these expenses is the heavy fees of academies. As
the people want to see the bright future of their children so they provide
their children with every common facility. They live from hand to mouth to meet
the expenditures of this tough life.
All this is happening due to the increase in
academies. Due to it, the aim of this research is to examine that ‘why the
craze of academies is increasing in Lahore?’
This study focuses on a
specific sector of education to understand the background of the problems ‘why
students join the academies’ that lead to the emergence of these educational
academies. The study therefore comes up with the process of highlighting the
decision criteria to focus on certain aspects of quality of education that
creates social discriminations among rich and poor. By this way we are able to
sort the reason about rapid increase in the academies.
Limitation:
Our research complete confined inside the
boundaries of Lahore. This focused on the students of metric, under metric and
intermediate. AS due to limited time we specified our research area like
Icchra, Civil sectraite and Gulberg regions. As it is limited on education
sector and further limited to tuition centers.
Literature Review
Mahtab Bashir (2010)
has used survey based technique. He said that the
tuition center can be found in every corner. These center demands a heavy fee
from the students. Most of the teacher said that they cannot give equal time to
each and every student in the class in which they are more than 60 students.
The teacher association president professor Qasim Masood said that the only
reason of such growth of tuition centers is the low salaries and lack of
facilities to teachers.
Iram Saleemi (2010) has
used descriptive analysis technique. She said that the academies are the big hurdle
in bringing the positive change in education system. A Quality of education is
different in both academies and proper educational institutions. In academies
the medium of education is high class but in proper educational institutions,
the standard of education is low. This situation creates discrimination between
them. Mostly educational institutions are provided with negligible amount of
funds, which are 1.5 to 2.5 percent of total GDP. So the Government should do something
to solve these issues.
Daily time staff reporter
(2010), has used the survey based methodology. The students join academies to
get better grades in the nearer exams or any entrance test. Students consider
these academies as the symbol of success that frees them from self studies. A
school Teacher Nadia told him that students are responsible for mushrooming of
academies. She addressed a harsh problem that some people that hardly did
matriculation or inter they open up an academy at home for the students and
cause wastage of time and money for students.
Yuman (2005), has used
descriptive analysis technique. He investigate that earlier, only weak students
join academies to pass the exams but now a day’s matter has reversed. Students
who want to pass professional examination or any entrance test like MCAT, ECAT,
PCS, FPSC and CPMT they must join the academy that express positive aspect of
the center.
S.indramalar and Karen
chapmen (2004), has used the descriptive analysis. According to them, most of
the students join the academy because they search for short cut and these
academies provide them extra tips, advices and important question regarding the
exam. In the end, Government should make proper mechanism for the registration
of this private institution.
Gillbert goh (2010), has
used causality analysis technique. He said that due to these tuition centers students
don’t have time for playing, which declines their social interaction among the
neighborhood. As a result they lack behind to handle table politics. An academy also causes health constraints
among the students especially during exam periods. Those kids attend the
tuitions; their parents should check their academic performance in a week.
Mark Bray (2010), has used
descriptive and exploratory analysis techniques. According to him, in Sirilanka,
many people protested against the craziness of tuition centers. The positive
effect of the tuition is that they help in declining of unemployment level.
Tehreem Afzal (2011) has
used survey based and causal analysis technique. According to her the demand of home tuitions is increasing day by day
due to the low quality of education in the educational institutions.
M.N. Khalid Major (2010)
has used causality analysis technique. He said that education is the big need
of our society. Technology, business system and general global environment cannot
change without change in the education system. According to the new research
education is necessary for both social and economic development.
Bilqees I. Patel (2008)
has used causal analysis technique. She has discussed that the trend of
academies changes the attitude of the students in the class rooms and homes. In
the past, students join the academies because of their weak subjects but now
academies becoming the culture. The main reasons of increasing the demand of
tuitions are the high strength of classes in mostly public institutions and
teachers who are not able to handle the class efficiently. Due to this culture
of academies students do not take class lecture seriously. So, all the
institutions should focus on the quality of teaching in the classrooms and the
parents should try to give attention to their children. (Bilqees I. Patel,
2008)
Research Methodology
The methodology that will based in a research
involves the both techniques i.e. desk- based research and filed work. The
field work research will include the visits of different academies, schools and
interviews with students and fill up 50 semi structured questionnaires so to
collect valid and reliable data. The desk based research involves the reading
of books, web-browsing, contents and statements which are related to our topic
of research. For the purpose of selection of academies and schools that would
investigate, we used non probability sampling technique which includes
convenience and judgment sampling techniques. It involves 50 students
collectively from academies and schools in Lahore particularly in crowded
regions... Then finding would be tackle down by feeding the data in SPSS and apply
qualitative and quantitative tools to refine the findings (data). Then we will
apply the empirical and conceptual analyzes on the refined data and compare it
with our observation, literature reviews. Then quantify with our pre-determine
relationship of variables.
However it would be survey, descriptive,
qualitative and quantitative research. In fact it would be a multi-method
research.
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Craze of Academy in Lahore
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Table 1 Qualification of
Parents
|
Option
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
|
|
FA
|
11
|
22.0
|
|
BA
|
16
|
32.0
|
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Metric
|
13
|
26.0
|
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Under metric
|
10
|
20.0
|
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Total
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50
|
100.0
|
According to our study that 16 out of 50 student that goes
academy their parent’s qualification is B.A and 10 out of 50 shows that their
parents are under metric. Because they are not satisfy with education in govt.
institutes
Table 2
View of Parents
|
Option
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
|
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Encouraging you
|
39
|
78.0
|
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Pressurizing you
|
3
|
6.0
|
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Preventing you
|
8
|
16.0
|
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Total
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50
|
100.0
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In the above table parents of 39 students encourage their
children to join academies and the parents of 3 students pressurize their
children to go for academy because they think that the education in govt.
institute does not fulfill the needs of the students due to which they are not
get better position in the examination and their parents are prefer academy
instead of schools.
This figure shows the affordability of tuition fee for their
children. The blue portion of the pie-chart shows that mostly parents pays
tuition fee for their children easily which is 72% of the pie-chart and the
green portion shows that some parents are hardly pays tuition fee for their
children which is 28% of the pie- chart because the parents of these students
having no govt. jobs or any other side business.
Table 3 Strength
of Classes
|
Option
|
Frequency
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Percentage
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20-30 Students
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13
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26.0s
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30-50
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12
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24.0
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60-70
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12
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24.0
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Above 70
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13
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26.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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The above table shows that 26 students out 50 class strength
lies in between of 20---30 and above 70.
While the other 24 students out of 50 class strength is in between the
30---70. So most of the students
studying in high strength classes.
Table 4 Environment of Class
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Option
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
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Suitable for learning
|
38
|
76.0
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Noisy
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5
|
10.0
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Hectic
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0
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00.0
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Congested
|
7
|
14.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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In our study 38 students out 50 declares that our environment
of class is suitable for learning and rest of the students shows their
environment of noisy and congested it
means it is not suitable for learning. So class environment suitable regardless
of class strength.
Table 5 Attention of
Teachers
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Option
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
|
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Yes
|
40
|
80.0
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No
|
10
|
10.0
|
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Total
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50
|
100.0
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In our study we take 50 students in
sample size in which 40 students are agree that give them a proper attention
during class lecture and 10 students give negative view in this regard. So
strength of class does not influence on attention of teacher and this makes the
environment suitable for learning.
Table 6 Attendance of
Teachers
|
Option
|
Frequency
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Percentage
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Always attend the class
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33
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66.0
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Sometimes absent
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16
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32.0
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Mostly absent
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1
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2.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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In
the above table shows that 33 students out of 50 declares that their
teacher always the attend the class which have positive impact on their
studies. And rest of the students is not satisfied with the attendance of class
teacher. So this situation makes the
environment suitable for learning and class strength does not impact on it.
Table 7 Additional material by
Teacher
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Option
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Frequency
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Percentage
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Yes
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44
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88.0
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NO
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6
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12.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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This data shows that 88% of the
teachers provide additional material to their students in academy and 12% are
not satisfied with this statement. So most of the teacher gives additional
material in academy it may be slides, notes or guesses which influence on their
class performances.
The above chart shows that 54%
students agree that teacher provide those notes related to class lecture in
academy and 6% agree that teacher provide them slides in academy. So most of the
students get additional help from the teacher in academy which also influence
on performance of the students in class.
Table
8
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student's
performance by joining academy
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Options
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Frequency
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Percent
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above 80%
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14
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28.0
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70%--80%
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15
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30.0
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60%--70%
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12
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24.0
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40%--50%
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5
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10.0
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less than 40%
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4
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8.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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This table shows that 28 % students
agree that by joining academy the performance of the student’s moves up to
above 80% and 4% of the students disagree with the statement that academies do
not produce positive impact on their performances. So academies are beneficial
for the students in terms of performance.
These pie-charts shows that 70% of the students have a book
reading habit at home and 30% students
does not have book reading habit at home .So those who have book reading habit
prefers to read course related books or novels. And 10% out of 100 prefers to
read poetry at home and 22% students prefer to read all of these books. By
reading books the creativity of the students improves.
Table 9 Time for study at home:
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Options
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Frequency
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Percentage
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4—5 hours
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8
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16.0
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3—4
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10
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20.0
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2—3
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17
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34.0
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1—2
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7
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14.0
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No time
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8
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16.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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In the table it is clarify that 34
% of the student which we take in our sample spend 2---3 hours for study at home and 16 % give
no time for their studies at home. So most of the student gives time for their
studies which lead to the better performance in the class along with joining of
academy.
Table 10
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Reason of joining
academy
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Options
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Frequency
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Percent
|
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To get complete of teacher
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18
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36.0
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Due to incomplete class lectures
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16
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32.0
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Due to number of tests
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16
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32.0
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Total
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50
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100.0
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This table expresses the reasons why student join the
academy. What motive they have behind this? So 36 % students join the academy
due to complete attention of teacher in class because student that have high
knowledge get teacher more attention. But most of the students join academy due
to incomplete class lecture or due to mock test session held in academies and
their ratio is 64%.
This pie- chart shows that 98% students agree that academies
are beneficial if they provide better education than institution it means that
academies are beneficial if they provide quality education to the students. But
2% students are disagreeing with this statement that academies are not
beneficial because some academies are just doing business.
Chi-Square Tests
|
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Value
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Level of Significance
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Strength of class * Attention of
teacher in class
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10.817
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0.092
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Kind of help by teacher *
Students performance by joining
academy
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57.951
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0.000
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Attention of teacher * View of
parents regarding academies.
|
1.322
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0.858
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Parents afford tuition Fees *View of
Parents
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0.508
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0.776
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Environmental of Class * Are the academy beneficial?
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0.322
|
0.851
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Hypothesis
1:
As the strength of class increases
the attention of teacher decreases
·
The
value of chi-square for two variables that is strength of class and
attention of teachers in class shows that there is statistically significant
relationship exist between them. It means that when the strength of class
increases then the attention of teachers decreases. So according to our data
analysis we accept the above hypothesis.
Hypothesis 2:
As
the teacher provide help to the students then the performance of the student’s
increases.
·
In
this case, the value of chi-square between two variables that is Kind of
help by teacher and Students performance by joining academy shows that
there is statistically significant association exist between them. It means
that if the help is provided by the teachers in academies increase the
performance of student in class and vice versa. The help may be the type of
slides, notes, guesses. So according to our data analysis we accept the above
hypothesis.
Hypothesis 3:
When there is appropriate attention
of teacher in class then the parent’s views are also positive regarding
join of academy.
In
this case, the value of the chi square between two variables that is attention
of teacher in class and the parents views regarding join academy that is 0.85
so their no statistically significant
relationship between them. So theory does not hold in
Lahore so we not accept the above hypothesis.
Hypothesis 4:
Those
parents who afford the tuition fees give positive views regarding the
academies.
In
this case the value of the chi-square between two variables that is Parents
affordability regarding
tuition Fees and View of Parents regarding these tuition centers shows that there is no any
statistically significant relationship between them. Thus according to our
analysis theory does not exist between these variables. So we reject above
hypothesis.
Hypothesis
5:
Is
the environment of class suitable for learning then academies is not beneficial?
In
this case, the value of the chi square between two variables that is
Environmental of Class and Are the academy beneficial? Shows that there is
no statistically significant relationship between them. As the environment of
class is not so much suitable for learning then it makes academies more
beneficial for the students. So according our data analysis we reject the above
hypothesis.
Conclusion
and recommendation:
We conclude our research on the basis of our
findings given above.
According to
our findings mostly parents encourage their children to go to the academies. The
qualification of most of the parents is graduation but still they prefer
academies for the better studies of their children. The strength of classes does
not affect the decision of students to join academies. Because we have found
that whether the strength of classes is high or low, most of the students
prefer academies. Attention of teachers in class and the environment of the
classroom also not affect the view of students regarding joining of academies
because most of the students get attention of teachers in class but still they
go to the academies for some more attention of teacher. The environment of
their classes is also suitable for learning but still they join academies only
because they get additional help by their teachers in academies. Mostly
teachers provide notes to the students in academies. This is the main reason of
joining academies by students. So, the academies are beneficial according to
mostly students and parents in Lahore.
·
Government
should impose restriction on teacher to teach in an academy or open an academy
·
As
these academies are in hundreds of number so government should take academies
into tax net. So they generate revenue for government and proper number of
these academies must determine
·
The
institute where the teacher is teaching students must bound them to complete
the syllabus on time. So
·
Parents
must give proper attention to their children’s and their studies. And check
their monthly or annually progress report. Ensure that their children give
maximum time to studies at home.
·
In
class teacher should give refine form of lectures like notes, slides so they
produce better understanding regarding lecture and less number of student join
the academy.
·
Government
should provide more incentives to the teacher like increase in salaries, medical
facility and announces scholarships for teacher children’s etc. so they not
move toward the academies.
·
The
teacher should give the equal attention to both weak and intelligent students
so weak students may not left behind in the life of competition.
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